Using Meta-Analysis to Answer the Question: What Are the Important, Manipulable Influences on School Learning?

ABSTRACT: This article describes how the methods of meta-analysis can be used to answer the question: What are the important, manipulable influences on school learning? The role of research synthesis is first discussed as well as the benefits of quantitative research synthesis. The methodology of meta-analysis—including problem formulation, sample selection, data analysis, data interpretation, and data reporting—is next discussed in relation to primary research methods. Finally,meta-analytic conclusions are described and their role in resolving conflicting findings is discussed.